However, if we dig a little deeper, the question becomes more complicated. After all, in many parts of the world the term “four-wheel drive” is used interchangeably with the name SUV, at least in common parlance. Let’s take a closer look at the terminology, before specifying which type of propulsion is suitable for different driving conditions.
Definition of SUV, 4WD and all-wheel-drive (AWD): What is an SUV?
Within the automotive industry, the term SUV has become most widely used to refer to a class of cars that generally resemble off-road vehicles, particularly due to high ground clearance and a typical hatchback look. However, the more popular SUVs become, the more the definition of the category broadens, and the more likely it is that a car described as an SUV is not a four-wheel drive suitable for off-road adventures. Many have all-wheel drive or partial drive, others are even two-wheel-drive vehicles meant for on-road driving only.
What is a 4WD?
As the name suggests, the term “four-wheel drive” (aka 4WD/four-by-four/4×4) does not necessarily refer to a class of vehicle, but to a specific configuration of the transmission system. The transmission system transfers engine power to all four wheels, ensuring traction even on difficult, uneven and changing terrain.
or Land Rover Defender. original. SUVs with a full-time four-wheel-drive system that cannot be turned off are only suitable for drivers who rarely, if ever, drive on paved roads. For everyone else, there’s a part-time four-wheel-drive system, which can be switched on and off manually, as needed.
What is an AWD model?
All-wheel drive systems are often confused with four-wheel drive, but they operate differently and have other benefits and applications. Technically, an all-wheel drive automatically and electronically distributes power to all wheels as needed.
There are full-time and part-time systems, but the latter are also electronically controlled and activated according to the driving situation, so that no manual intervention is necessary. All-wheel-drive vehicles are a much broader category than 4x4s, and are not limited to SUVs.
What is the difference between an SUV, a 4WD and an AWD?
Going back to our original question, not all SUVs have a four-wheel-drive system, but most four-wheel-drive vehicles fall into the SUV category. However, the SUV category has long since passed its original definition, so today’s SUVs, whether based on cars, hybrids, crossovers or luxury SUVs, are much more likely to have all-wheel drive. Unless you’re venturing off the beaten path and driving in seriously rough terrain, you probably don’t need all-wheel drive.
